Panicum maximum (Jacq.): integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22166610Palavras-chave:
Panicum maximum Jacq., Megathyrsus maximus, Phytochemistry, Ecophysiology, PhytoremediationResumo
The Poaceae family represents one of the most important families of higher plants, with the genus Panicum being particularly noteworthy. The species Panicum maximum Jacq. or Megathyrsus maximus(Guinea grass) is widely used in animal production and has pharmacological potential still under exploration. This integrative review presents a comprehensive analysis of the botanical, ecophysiological, pharmacognostic, and phytoremediation aspects of this forage species as a natural product. Using a systematic search methodology in indexed databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct), recent studies on the following were identified and analyzed: (1) definition, taxonomy, and morphological characteristics; (2) phytochemical composition and biological activities; (3) fundamental physiological processes including photosynthesis, spectral reflection, and water dynamics; (4) ecophysiological responses to environmental factors; (5) mechanisms of phytoremediation potential. The results indicate that Panicum maximum presents metabolic and biochemical characteristics relevant for applications in the development of phytopharmaceuticals, agricultural sustainability, and phytoremediation. Significant gaps remain in investigations of phytochemical synergy, molecular mechanisms of pharmacological action, and toxicological safety studies in preclinical and clinical models. Its remarkable action stands out in models for phytoremediation and phytorecovery in arid soils, as well as in soils contaminated with heavy metals and pesticides (some of them endocrine disruptors and pro-carcinogens). Future perspectives point to research in genetic improvement and plant biotechnology of this important species, with indispensable participation and application during periods of geoclimatic instability on the planet.
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